Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of aluminium and copper, formed as a secondary mineral. The crystal occurs from the oxidation and weathering of pre-existing minerals where acidic aqueous solutions’ percolation occurs.

The stone is mainly found in the veins or fractures of altered volcanic rock (containing a mixture of secondary minerals, such as chalcopyrite and malachite, in itself) in arid areas.

On occasions, sources may be found that originate from hydrothermal processes at a high temperature within a significant depth. These formations rise upwards, and the secondary minerals are formed as the process cools. This is referred to as a hypogene origin.

The primary sources of Turquoise are found in Iran, Sinai and the U.S.